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	<title>Comments on: Who was Neon?</title>
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	<link>http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/</link>
	<description>Airpower and British society, 1908-1941</description>
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		<title>By: Airminded &#183; Who was Neon again?</title>
		<link>http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/comment-page-1/#comment-106574</link>
		<dc:creator>Airminded &#183; Who was Neon again?</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2009 10:02:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/#comment-106574</guid>
		<description>[...] year I wrote a post in which I tried to work out the identity of Neon, the author of an eccentric but popular diatribe [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] year I wrote a post in which I tried to work out the identity of Neon, the author of an eccentric but popular diatribe [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Brett Holman</title>
		<link>http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/comment-page-1/#comment-91209</link>
		<dc:creator>Brett Holman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Nov 2008 08:52:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/#comment-91209</guid>
		<description>Thanks, John! So Bernard and Marion were third cousins, is that right? 

Can you shed any light on the relationship between Neon, Bernard and Marion?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks, John! So Bernard and Marion were third cousins, is that right? </p>
<p>Can you shed any light on the relationship between Neon, Bernard and Marion?</p>
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		<title>By: John Acworth</title>
		<link>http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/comment-page-1/#comment-89776</link>
		<dc:creator>John Acworth</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 16 Nov 2008 07:54:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/#comment-89776</guid>
		<description>Marion Acworth&#039;s husband Joseph John William Acworth (1853-1927) and Bernard Acworth (1885-1963) shared the same Great Great Grandfather James Acworth, shipwright at Chatham, b 6.10.1762

The latter being my Great Great Great Great Great Grandfather</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Marion Acworth&#8217;s husband Joseph John William Acworth (1853-1927) and Bernard Acworth (1885-1963) shared the same Great Great Grandfather James Acworth, shipwright at Chatham, b 6.10.1762</p>
<p>The latter being my Great Great Great Great Great Grandfather</p>
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		<title>By: Brett Holman</title>
		<link>http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/comment-page-1/#comment-85872</link>
		<dc:creator>Brett Holman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 27 Sep 2008 06:34:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/#comment-85872</guid>
		<description>Yes, she may well have influenced him, but I still think he was the driving force. That &#039;relativity&#039; stuff is amazingly loopy. I found an excerpt from &lt;em&gt;This Bondage&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://fretmarks.blogspot.com/2005/11/this-bondage.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:
&lt;blockquote&gt;Turning again to sucessful flights and projected routes from North Africa to South America, we at once observe the significance of the steady and permanent north-east trade wind. But where can we find the return voyages? In South America, European aircraft will become as indigenous as are European birds reported to become indigenous in the Cape Verde Islands. Flights to and from South Africa follow the route, and to a great extent, the seasons, of the swallows. There is indeed no exception to the rule that aircraft in long flights migrate with the wind and are seldom seen again in the land of their origin if the prevailing wind is from one direction, as in the northern hemisphere it is. Thus all &#039;migratory&#039; aircraft in the northern hemisphere gradually accumulate in the East until they are destroyed from one cause or another, when they are replaced from the &#039;breeding grounds&#039; in the West.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Compare with Neon&#039;s &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/28jan/neon.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Atlantic Monthly&lt;/em&gt; article&lt;/a&gt;:
&lt;blockquote&gt;The domination of the wind over aircraft is complete. An aeroplane in the air cannot use the wind. There can be no comparison between the action of wind on a sailing ship and the action of wind - moving air - on an aeroplane flying in it and completely surrounded by it. In the air there can be no &#039;trimming of sails,&#039; no &#039;beating to windward,&#039; for to all the courses of the air and to its full speed the aeroplane unconsciously and completely conforms. A &#039;sea&#039; of air envelops it; within this moving &#039;sea&#039; the airman unconsciously drives his plane and steers a course. His course over land or sea and his speed &#039;made good&#039; are the resultant of known and unknown factors. Adequate provision can be made for the known factors, and should no engine trouble occur or compass errors develop, and were the &#039;sea&#039; in which the airman flies as stationary as the sea or land beneath him, the airman must arrive at his destination and at the prearranged time; were even the movement of the medium known, and could it be relied upon not to alter in rate and direction during the whole journey, the time of safe arrival could be calculated beforehand; but should the aviator&#039;s &#039;sea&#039; take some unexpected course during passage, the time of arrival is uncertain—in a long flight the end may never be known. The skill of the pilot cannot ensure success or avert disaster, for the wind is at the helm, imposing upon a craft its own direction and speed.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
It&#039;s the same line of argument.

I did find somewhere which suggested that he connected his critique of &#039;relativity&#039; (which is Galilean relativity) with Einstein&#039;s, but I don&#039;t think that was his main target.

What a wonder the human mind is, that it can in all seriousness come up with a sentence like &#039;Thus all &#039;migratory&#039; aircraft in the northern hemisphere gradually accumulate in the East until they are destroyed from one cause or another, when they are replaced from the &#039;breeding grounds&#039; in the West&#039;!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yes, she may well have influenced him, but I still think he was the driving force. That &#8216;relativity&#8217; stuff is amazingly loopy. I found an excerpt from <em>This Bondage</em> <a href="http://fretmarks.blogspot.com/2005/11/this-bondage.html" rel="nofollow">here</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>Turning again to sucessful flights and projected routes from North Africa to South America, we at once observe the significance of the steady and permanent north-east trade wind. But where can we find the return voyages? In South America, European aircraft will become as indigenous as are European birds reported to become indigenous in the Cape Verde Islands. Flights to and from South Africa follow the route, and to a great extent, the seasons, of the swallows. There is indeed no exception to the rule that aircraft in long flights migrate with the wind and are seldom seen again in the land of their origin if the prevailing wind is from one direction, as in the northern hemisphere it is. Thus all &#8216;migratory&#8217; aircraft in the northern hemisphere gradually accumulate in the East until they are destroyed from one cause or another, when they are replaced from the &#8216;breeding grounds&#8217; in the West.</p></blockquote>
<p>Compare with Neon&#8217;s <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/28jan/neon.htm" rel="nofollow"><em>Atlantic Monthly</em> article</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>The domination of the wind over aircraft is complete. An aeroplane in the air cannot use the wind. There can be no comparison between the action of wind on a sailing ship and the action of wind &#8211; moving air &#8211; on an aeroplane flying in it and completely surrounded by it. In the air there can be no &#8216;trimming of sails,&#8217; no &#8216;beating to windward,&#8217; for to all the courses of the air and to its full speed the aeroplane unconsciously and completely conforms. A &#8217;sea&#8217; of air envelops it; within this moving &#8217;sea&#8217; the airman unconsciously drives his plane and steers a course. His course over land or sea and his speed &#8216;made good&#8217; are the resultant of known and unknown factors. Adequate provision can be made for the known factors, and should no engine trouble occur or compass errors develop, and were the &#8217;sea&#8217; in which the airman flies as stationary as the sea or land beneath him, the airman must arrive at his destination and at the prearranged time; were even the movement of the medium known, and could it be relied upon not to alter in rate and direction during the whole journey, the time of safe arrival could be calculated beforehand; but should the aviator&#8217;s &#8217;sea&#8217; take some unexpected course during passage, the time of arrival is uncertain—in a long flight the end may never be known. The skill of the pilot cannot ensure success or avert disaster, for the wind is at the helm, imposing upon a craft its own direction and speed.</p></blockquote>
<p>It&#8217;s the same line of argument.</p>
<p>I did find somewhere which suggested that he connected his critique of &#8216;relativity&#8217; (which is Galilean relativity) with Einstein&#8217;s, but I don&#8217;t think that was his main target.</p>
<p>What a wonder the human mind is, that it can in all seriousness come up with a sentence like &#8216;Thus all &#8216;migratory&#8217; aircraft in the northern hemisphere gradually accumulate in the East until they are destroyed from one cause or another, when they are replaced from the &#8216;breeding grounds&#8217; in the West&#8217;!</p>
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		<title>By: Erik Lund</title>
		<link>http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/comment-page-1/#comment-85805</link>
		<dc:creator>Erik Lund</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2008 17:39:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/#comment-85805</guid>
		<description>Acworth&#039;s argument, as summarised in an article in the _Naval Review_, is that planes, aircraft, and especially airships, can&#039;t navigate with respect to the ground, but only with respect to the wind, and so can&#039;t really get anywhere. That&#039;s the relativity thing. The evolution thing is that birds clearly aren&#039;t really migrating, just ending up somewhere, so they didn&#039;t evolve to migrate.. (I think. I was following the same track as Brett, discovering the identity of the mysterious &quot;Neon.&quot;) 
So planes can&#039;t navigate.
But wait, there&#039;s more! There&#039;s all this physicking stuff about frames of reference in here. I think you&#039;re discounting Ms. Acworth&#039;s contribution. At least some of the dotty stuff seems to come from a dotty physicist rather than a dotty navalist.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Acworth&#8217;s argument, as summarised in an article in the _Naval Review_, is that planes, aircraft, and especially airships, can&#8217;t navigate with respect to the ground, but only with respect to the wind, and so can&#8217;t really get anywhere. That&#8217;s the relativity thing. The evolution thing is that birds clearly aren&#8217;t really migrating, just ending up somewhere, so they didn&#8217;t evolve to migrate.. (I think. I was following the same track as Brett, discovering the identity of the mysterious &#8220;Neon.&#8221;)<br />
So planes can&#8217;t navigate.<br />
But wait, there&#8217;s more! There&#8217;s all this physicking stuff about frames of reference in here. I think you&#8217;re discounting Ms. Acworth&#8217;s contribution. At least some of the dotty stuff seems to come from a dotty physicist rather than a dotty navalist.</p>
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		<title>By: Investigations of a Dog &#187; 14th Military History Carnival</title>
		<link>http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/comment-page-1/#comment-80959</link>
		<dc:creator>Investigations of a Dog &#187; 14th Military History Carnival</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Aug 2008 16:11:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/#comment-80959</guid>
		<description>[...] the Air Transport Auxiliary, a role which involved flying planes and risking death. Brett Holman at Airminded finds airmindedness and an androgynous mind when he investigates the mysterious writer known only [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] the Air Transport Auxiliary, a role which involved flying planes and risking death. Brett Holman at Airminded finds airmindedness and an androgynous mind when he investigates the mysterious writer known only [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Brett Holman</title>
		<link>http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/comment-page-1/#comment-78210</link>
		<dc:creator>Brett Holman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2008 13:23:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/#comment-78210</guid>
		<description>I noticed today that &lt;em&gt;The Great Delusion&lt;/em&gt; is listed in the bibliography of Rolland A. Chaput, &lt;em&gt;Disarmament in British Foreign Policy&lt;/em&gt; (London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1935), 380. Which is only interesting because the author is listed as &#039;ACWORTH, MARION, &quot;Neon&quot;&#039;! (And a couple of books by her probable nephew Bernard are listed too.) It seems unlikely that Chaput had any direct knowledge of this -- it looks like he was an academic in Geneva. Anyway, this is the earliest source I have for the identification of Neon with Marion Acworth.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I noticed today that <em>The Great Delusion</em> is listed in the bibliography of Rolland A. Chaput, <em>Disarmament in British Foreign Policy</em> (London: George Allen &#038; Unwin, 1935), 380. Which is only interesting because the author is listed as &#8216;ACWORTH, MARION, &#8220;Neon&#8221;&#8216;! (And a couple of books by her probable nephew Bernard are listed too.) It seems unlikely that Chaput had any direct knowledge of this &#8212; it looks like he was an academic in Geneva. Anyway, this is the earliest source I have for the identification of Neon with Marion Acworth.</p>
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		<title>By: Airminded &#183; The great stoush</title>
		<link>http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/comment-page-1/#comment-76326</link>
		<dc:creator>Airminded &#183; The great stoush</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2008 00:11:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/#comment-76326</guid>
		<description>[...] gender history isn&#8217;t your thing (and I&#8217;ve already confessed that it&#8217;s not an approach that I often adopt myself) then just don&#8217;t do it. I simply [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] gender history isn&#8217;t your thing (and I&#8217;ve already confessed that it&#8217;s not an approach that I often adopt myself) then just don&#8217;t do it. I simply [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Brett Holman</title>
		<link>http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/comment-page-1/#comment-73736</link>
		<dc:creator>Brett Holman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 03 May 2008 07:07:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/#comment-73736</guid>
		<description>I nearly wrote something about the pseudoscience angle -- Bernard seems to be remembered mostly for his scepticism about evolution these days, as he co-founded the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_Protest_Movement&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Evolution Protest Movement&lt;/a&gt; in the 1930s, with another physicist, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ambrose_Fleming&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ambrose Fleming&lt;/a&gt; (inventor of the diode). I wondered if Marion might have influenced Bernard&#039;s scepticism about relativity, since she was educated in the pre-Einsteinian days of classical physics?  But the problem here is that I&#039;m not sure what Bernard meant by &#039;relativity&#039; -- IIRC he uses the term in his 1930 letter to the &lt;em&gt;Times&lt;/em&gt;, but there he means the relative motion of birds/aircraft and wind currents. 

But his anti-scientific stance and her scientific education are certainly a curious fit, and invites speculation ...

My assumption was that Marion was &#039;officially&#039; associated with Neon in some way, and not just by rumour, partly because of the Casey letter (he had the info &#039;confidentially&#039;, and he would have moved in pretty high circles). But maybe it was something like what you suggest -- after all, most of the discussion I have is from people sympathetic to the RAF and the Air Ministry (Spaight was a senior civil servant there, though he doesn&#039;t actually suggest Neon was a woman). Wish I knew why the BL so confidently declared that Neon was Marion!

Anyway, glad I could provide some momentary diversions :)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I nearly wrote something about the pseudoscience angle &#8212; Bernard seems to be remembered mostly for his scepticism about evolution these days, as he co-founded the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_Protest_Movement" rel="nofollow">Evolution Protest Movement</a> in the 1930s, with another physicist, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ambrose_Fleming" rel="nofollow">Ambrose Fleming</a> (inventor of the diode). I wondered if Marion might have influenced Bernard&#8217;s scepticism about relativity, since she was educated in the pre-Einsteinian days of classical physics?  But the problem here is that I&#8217;m not sure what Bernard meant by &#8216;relativity&#8217; &#8212; IIRC he uses the term in his 1930 letter to the <em>Times</em>, but there he means the relative motion of birds/aircraft and wind currents. </p>
<p>But his anti-scientific stance and her scientific education are certainly a curious fit, and invites speculation &#8230;</p>
<p>My assumption was that Marion was &#8216;officially&#8217; associated with Neon in some way, and not just by rumour, partly because of the Casey letter (he had the info &#8216;confidentially&#8217;, and he would have moved in pretty high circles). But maybe it was something like what you suggest &#8212; after all, most of the discussion I have is from people sympathetic to the RAF and the Air Ministry (Spaight was a senior civil servant there, though he doesn&#8217;t actually suggest Neon was a woman). Wish I knew why the BL so confidently declared that Neon was Marion!</p>
<p>Anyway, glad I could provide some momentary diversions :)</p>
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		<title>By: david tiley</title>
		<link>http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/comment-page-1/#comment-73734</link>
		<dc:creator>david tiley</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 03 May 2008 05:33:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://airminded.org/2008/04/28/who-was-neon/#comment-73734</guid>
		<description>That is a v. neat detective story which gripped me completely. Judging from the title of &quot;This Bondage: A Study of the “Migration” of Birds, Insects, and Aircraft, with Some Reflections on “Evolution” and Relativity&quot;, the scientific Marion was allowing herself to be a sock puppet for a fairly dotty point of view. 

But maybe she sat enthralled at the dining room table listening to the energetic submariner nephew, as her husband was approaching death. 

If she had her diploma in 1893, she was born some time around or earlier than 1873. So she was maybe twelve years older than Bernard and probably around sixty at publication. Her husband was older - he was 74. 

Assuming that she was not a mature age student and therefore any age short of senility, she could well have relished some kind of entry into a fight that she supported. It was a way out of grief, into a wider immediacy. 

We have to wonder why the guess about Marion was considered to be plausible. Surely, in the technocratic culture of London, those who could pick her behind the pseudonym would see past her to the truculent submarining nephew. 

There is even a metaphor of concealment in this very idea. 

Maybe there was some notion that the argument was denigrated even more completely if it could be pinned on a woman, a recent widow to boot. The Neon name being a primary bit of evidence, of course. 

Ah, I do love this superficial crap. 

Ah, the fun of trash speculation...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>That is a v. neat detective story which gripped me completely. Judging from the title of &#8220;This Bondage: A Study of the “Migration” of Birds, Insects, and Aircraft, with Some Reflections on “Evolution” and Relativity&#8221;, the scientific Marion was allowing herself to be a sock puppet for a fairly dotty point of view. </p>
<p>But maybe she sat enthralled at the dining room table listening to the energetic submariner nephew, as her husband was approaching death. </p>
<p>If she had her diploma in 1893, she was born some time around or earlier than 1873. So she was maybe twelve years older than Bernard and probably around sixty at publication. Her husband was older &#8211; he was 74. </p>
<p>Assuming that she was not a mature age student and therefore any age short of senility, she could well have relished some kind of entry into a fight that she supported. It was a way out of grief, into a wider immediacy. </p>
<p>We have to wonder why the guess about Marion was considered to be plausible. Surely, in the technocratic culture of London, those who could pick her behind the pseudonym would see past her to the truculent submarining nephew. </p>
<p>There is even a metaphor of concealment in this very idea. </p>
<p>Maybe there was some notion that the argument was denigrated even more completely if it could be pinned on a woman, a recent widow to boot. The Neon name being a primary bit of evidence, of course. </p>
<p>Ah, I do love this superficial crap. </p>
<p>Ah, the fun of trash speculation&#8230;</p>
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